Eindexamen Engels havo 2026, tijdvak 1: vragen en antwoorden

It was with some dismay that my husband and I (both vets) read Adrian Chiles's article ("What have I learned after three years of dog ownership?", 15 November). As a practising vet for 25 years, I have never encountered a colleague who does not have the best interests of their patient first and foremost. We are trained to offer a variety of treatments at varying costs. Sadly, we do not have a crystal ball to know which dog will respond to the most basic remedies and which will require more extensive investigations and treatment.

We ensure clients are fully aware of the options available and are able to make an informed decision as to which course of treatment they would like to pursue.

Veterinary care is expensive to provide and vets are under more pressure than ever before. Vast numbers of people became new pet owners during the pandemic, often taking on pets that were unsuitable to their lifestyle once they returned to work.

There was no furlough for vets. We worked through the pandemic, often in challenging conditions. "Car park consulting" was the norm in all weathers. The increase in dog ownership only added to our workload, while burnt-out vets are leaving the profession in droves.

As I write, I am on call for the second time in a week (like most practices, we are short-staffed so I have to do extra nights), waiting for the phone to ring with an emergency so I can do my job professionally and efficiently. And I will charge appropriately for my services.

Kate Platt Brilley, Herefordshire

theguardian.com, 2021

Het volgende fragment is een hoofdstuk uit het boek Unruly, A History of England's Kings and Queens, geschreven door David Mitchell en uitgebracht in 2023.

38. Queen Mary I

Queen Mary was known as Bloody Mary because of the large number of people she killed. And also because of [3]. She was the first properly crowned woman to rule as queen regnant, not just queen consort. You weren't supposed to be able to do this job if you were a woman, so a lot of people didn't like it. That may be why she gets the soubriquet 'bloody' when many of her male predecessors were responsible for more deaths in battles as well as executions.

That said, if you're going by executions alone, Queen Mary was right up there on the leader board. She had almost 300 Protestants killed, mostly by burning – something else that undermines the 'bloody' thing. Beheadings feel bloody, burnings are more ashy. Or smoky. Smoky Mary would sound quite sexy, like a jazz singer, but from the sound of her, that too would have been inappropriate. Still, considering the form of execution that she favoured, it seems odd to associate her with a non-flammable liquid.

1 Edvard Munch's 1910 version of this iconic artwork has rarely been displayed since 2006 because the painting's cadmium sulfide pigments are so fragile. Cadmium yellow brushstrokes in the sky and central figure have faded to off-white, and thick paint in the lake is flaking off. To prevent further decay, the Munch Museum in Oslo almost always keeps "The Scream" in storage, under carefully controlled lighting and about 50 percent humidity.

2 Now, a chemical analysis of the painting shows that moisture is the main reason for the deterioration, while light plays only a minor role, Letizia Monico, a chemist at the Italian National Research Council in Perugia, and her colleagues report online May 15 in Science Advances.

3 Researchers analyzed microscopic flakes of paint from "The Scream" along with paint samples with similar chemical composition that were artificially aged in the lab.

4 X-ray probes of the paint samples revealed cadmium sulfate, a breakdown product of cadmium sulfide, in paint flecks from "The Scream." Cadmium sulfate also showed up in artificially aged paints that were exposed to at least 95 percent humidity in both light and darkness, but similar samples exposed to light in 45 percent humidity didn't show signs of decay. This suggests that moisture is the main culprit in aging "The Scream," and that although the painting may be fine under normal lighting, it should be kept at 45 percent humidity or below.

5 This new understanding of the artwork may inform the preservation of other paintings by Munch's contemporaries, such as Matisse and Van Gogh, which also contain decaying cadmium sulfide pigments. But Monico cautions that every painting is a unique, complex chemical landscape, so conservation strategies must be devised on a case-by-case basis.

norwegianamerican.com, 2024

1 Thanks to what could be perceived as a flaw in international trademark law, a fake Supreme brand has been operating 'legally' since 2015. Now, however, the jig is up for Michele di Pierro – the mastermind behind Supreme Italia, which sells 'legal fakes' of the streetwear giant's products – as he's just been sentenced to eight years in prison.

2 Both di Pierro, aged 53, and his 24-year-old son, Marcello, have been found guilty of two counts of fraud, though Marcello received just a threeyear sentence. As reported by The Fashion Law, the judge presiding over the case concluded that di Pierro and Marcello "hijacked every facet of (Supreme's) identity and plagiarised it", resulting in a "brazen" and "offensive" operation riddled with "dishonesty".

3 The scam started six years ago, when di Pierro filed Supreme trademark requests in countries where Supreme's real owners – Chapter 4 Corp – hadn't yet secured its registration. This first-to-file trademark system grants registrations to the first person to simply file an application, as opposed to the first person to actually use the name or logo.

4 Di Pierro – operating under a UK-based organisation called International Brand Firm (IBF) – acquired his first trademark in San Marino, one of the world's smallest countries, and then transferred that registration into countries including Italy, Spain, and China. With trademarks in hand, di Pierro was able to sell his fake Supreme T-shirts, hoodies, caps, skateboards, bags, phone cases, and more in towns and cities across the world.

5 In 2019, after years of 'legal' success, Italian authorities seized hundreds of thousands of clothing items belonging to di Pierro's companies from a warehouse in San Marino. This didn't stop di Pierro, though, who continued to sell his 'legal fakes' in Spain and China until Chinese and EU regulators finally recognised Supreme's ownership of the brand.

6 On June 25, a London court ordered IBF to pay £7.5 million in damages to Supreme, as well as sentencing di Pierro and Marcello to jail time.

7 Supreme itself is no stranger to accusations of copying, most famously being accused of appropriating Barbara Kruger's work for its logo. In 2017, the American artist staged a live visual performance, titled Untitled (The Drop) – a pop-up shop in New York (and a not-so-subtle swipe at Supreme) which sold apparel and merch featuring Kruger's work.

dazeddigital.com, 2021

‘a fake Supreme brand has been operating ‘legally’ since 2015’ (alinea 1)

1 Here's a three-word response to New York City Mayor Eric Adams' claim last week that Kansas doesn't have a brand. Sunflowers, tornadoes and abolitionists. Here are a few more, for the sake of completeness. Bison, chili with cinnamon rolls, and the "Wizard of Oz."

2 With that out of the way, it's worth asking why the mayor of our country's premier city felt a need to take a swipe at the Sunflower State (see, it's even in our nickname). He was speaking about international travel and the known quantity that is the Big Apple. "We have a brand. And when people see it, it means something," Adams said, the Wichita Eagle reported. "Kansas doesn't have a brand. When you go there, OK, you're from Kansas. But New York has a brand."

3 The backlash was swift and ferocious and expected. We Kansans have a bit of a chip on our shoulder about this state. We might criticize the political scene, sigh at the multi-hour drives or make fun of the "Wizard of Oz," [12] That's a step too far, buddy.

4 In my own drives across the state, I've seen Kansans reckon with their community's history of racial terror. I've seen small towns reinvigorate themselves to attract young families. I've heard story after story, from person after person, that proves this state as deep and varied as the layered limestone of its Flint Hills.

5 Given that we're rapidly approaching the election of a new governor, I decided to check in with the campaigns for their takes. Kansas Gov. Laura Kelly's campaign sent along this painstakingly airbrushed statement: "Kansas is the best state in America and I welcome anyone to come enjoy the natural beauty of the rolling Flint Hills, our farms and ranches that feed the world, business and family-friendly policies, and our rich history of fighting for freedom. After all, it is no coincidence that we've attracted over $14 billion in new business investments to Kansas, including Panasonic, along with the FIFA World Cup." You'll notice what she did there, [14] a response to a softball question. That's politics, folks!

6 Attorney General Derek Schmidt's folks pointed me to a clip of him appearing on NewsMax. "My first reaction was Mayor who?" Schmidt said jovially. "This is not an everyday name out here in God's country, in the heartland. We're out here living our lives and pursuing our conservative values and making sure our kids get a good education and just generally loving life. The mayor's just wrong and everybody knows it. He doesn't know what he's talking about. This is a great place out here on the Great Plains, out in the middle of the country. And look, we love New York and the people in New York, but we don't want to be in New York. And we certainly don't want to be in New York under its current left-progressive leadership that has just sort of driven that place off into the ditch."

7 He then transitioned to making his pitch against Kelly's campaign, tying the democratic governor's birth in New York to Adams' supposedly disastrous policies. As noted, that's the game, folks.

8 Whatever the candidate and whatever their answer, Adams' statement goes beyond the stupid or uninformed. It misses the point of cities and states, of towns and regions. New York City and Kansas aren't "brands." That's anti-human marketing speak. New York City and Kansas are places, full of history and different kinds of people. Some of that history deserves celebration and some of it deserves condemnation. It's the same with the people. But I wouldn't want to live in a country that didn't both have Times Square and Lawrence, or the Statue of Liberty and the Flint Hills.

9 If you want to know the real spirit of this state and its people, and how that connects to New York, I'd like to remind you of a story from March and April 2020. During those scary early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, retired farmer Dennis Ruhnke of Troy sent a single N95 respirator mask to Andrew Cuomo, then the governor of New York state. "Dear Mr. Cuomo," Ruhnke's letter read, "I seriously doubt that you will ever read this letter as I know you are busy beyond belief with the disaster that has befallen our country." He enclosed the mask after keeping four for his family. "If you could, would you please give this mask to a nurse or doctor in your city," he asked.

10 "Everybody is so surprised how someone can just do this for a city they've never been to, people they've never met. We have no connections to New York in any sense of the word," the farmer's son, Josh Ruhnke explained. "But this is just something Dad does." Beyond everything, beyond the sunflowers and bison, that's the Kansas brand.

kansasreflector.com, 2022

‘As noted, that's the game, folks.’ (paragraph 7)

Verschillende mensen komen in de tekst aan het woord en omschrijven kenmerken van de staat Kansas.

1 Graphic designer Virtue Oboro experienced every mother's worst nightmare. The Nigerian mom had a traumatic experience when her son, Tombra, was diagnosed with jaundice disease - a common condition affecting more than 60% of newborns worldwide. Only 48 hours old, Tombra was rushed to the hospital for emergency treatment after suffering from a build-up of bilirubin, which causes yellow skin and irreversible health problems including hearing loss, vision impairment, brain damage, and cerebral palsy. In rare cases, it can also lead to death.

2 Many cases are mild and can resolve on their own, while more serious cases require phototherapy, where babies are placed under a blue-light. Blue-light phototherapy is a fairly simple treatment and widespread in many developing countries. In some places, however, access to the necessary equipment isn't always possible. Tombra's case was quite severe, but Oboro's hospital had no phototherapy devices available. The family waited four hours while his condition worsened. Eventually, he was given a risky emergency blood transfusion that bought valuable time until a phototherapy unit became available.

3 Despite several obstacles, her son made a full recovery. However, after that experience in 2015, Oboro was a changed woman. The experience was traumatizing for her, but has inspired her to pivot in her professional career. "I felt like some of the things I experienced [20]," she says. "I thought, is there something I could do to make the pain less for the babies and the mothers?"

4 Now, the visual designer is trying to prevent the terrifying situation from happening to other mothers. Her new tech startup, Tiny Hearts, is making solar-powered cribs called crib'A'glow. The low-cost, portable, deployable phototherapy unit is powered by the sun. The unit's light rays focus on the baby's body to ensure the maximum efficiency while the LED lights prevent skin burns, dehydration, and rashes, which can be a few common side effects of such devices. The affordable cure costs one-sixth the price of a traditional phototherapy crib and is manufactured in her homeland of Nigeria.

5 The award-winning design came with some struggles in medical technicalities. However, Oboro worked with a pediatrician to ensure the device was safe and in line with current phototherapy standards. Her husband was also on hand to help as he had some experience working with solar panels before. The crib'A'glow innovation has received award grants including $50,000 from Johnson & Johnson's Africa Innovation Award-and most recently, the device was selected as a finalist for the Royal Academy of Engineering's Africa Prize 2022.

6 It has been reported that in low and middle income countries, infants are 27 times more likely to suffer from brain damage caused by jaundice, and 119 times more likely to die compared to high income nations. Now, crib'A'glow can be found in 500 hospitals across Nigeria and its neighboring Ghana. Already, the baby crib has been used on 300,000 babies and Oboro says a further 200,000 babies have been helped through collaborations with rural healthcare workers and education programs, teaching mothers about jaundice symptoms - most commonly the yellowing of the skin, whites of the eyes and mouth. The company is looking to expand its efforts into other countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

7 The crib can also be used at home by parents living in remote areas with limited or inconsistent access to electricity. Because it's portable and solar powered, demand for the baby cribs soared during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many parents wanted to avoid hospitals and look after their newborns at home. Oboro says she feels "lucky and grateful" that Tombra survived. Now it's her mission to fight jaundice in newborns and "save a hundred and one more babies."

mymodernmet.com, 2022

1 Coined in 2009, the phrase "quiet quitting" means simply: go to work for your contracted hours, do what you're asked to do, and nothing more. It has come into its own in the past few years, since lockdown, colliding with the Chinese movement tang ping ("lying flat") to become a global phenomenon: go to work, sure, but don't be striving the whole time. I reject the concept, from a workplace perspective: it merely means doing what you're contractually required to do. This I would call "work". Anything more than this is "hustle". But is there some wisdom in the idea of quiet quitting, applied to other parts of life?

2 Friendship is a classic candidate, since you often don't want an abrupt confrontation, you just want to [26]. Instead of seeing each other once a fortnight, you'd be up for something more like a dental schedule: once every six months, infinitely postponable. You don't want to ghost them, since that almost invites confrontation, but you'd like to radically reduce their expectations of you. The problem is, it's not really fair. What Annie Duke, author of Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away, says of the workplace - "you have to have the conversation about how your job isn't aligning with your values, so that your employer can address that" – is also true of intimate relationships. Try to do the kindest thing – this means communicating, not ghosting.

3 When it comes to familial relationships, their beauty is also their curse: you didn't choose them. So you won't necessarily be as attuned to the needs of family members as you are to those of your friends, and you will find areas of radical difference – in values, in views, in dress sense – that just wouldn't survive in the rufty-tufty world of people you associate with by choice. At the same time, this makes these relationships extremely durable, and you can ebb and flow in the amount of emotional energy you're willing to put in. Maybe you'll sometimes land in quite a distant relationship, but find later on that the distance has made it more interesting, and now you want to quiet-reapply-for-the-job.

4 Of course, we all have the odd rogue relative we would genuinely prefer not to have in our life, and here the management method described by Duke applies: "When you get to the point that you're thinking about quitting, you should have already quit. We tend to walk away too late. There are all sorts of pain points that come in about leaving things, that have to do with having wasted the time and energy that we put into them." But – and Duke wouldn't agree with me here, since she believes in bravery – I think quiet quitting is better than loud quitting in this scenario. Because, realistically, you're going to see your relatives at funerals and whatnot, and you don't want their last memory of you to be you shouting "I quit!".

5 You'd think, wouldn't you, that social media would be the easiest of all the quits: nobody on Twitter1) is relying on your hot take. No one on Instagram will mourn the loss of pictures of your knees on a beach. Why is it, then, that [30] Why are there endless announcements: "Followers, I'm taking August off"; "Disciples, this is the last Facebook post you'll see from me, owing to my new disapproval of Mark Zuckerberg"? It's because we all have a deep-seated fear of our absence going unnoticed. What does that mean for our IRL2) interactions? Could we spin off into the abyss and nobody would notice that, either? No, that's impossible, so noisy-quitting social media is fine too. That is, if you're brave enough to try.

theguardian.com, 2022

noot 1 Twitter is tegenwoordig het socialmediaplatform X

noot 2 IRL is een afkorting voor in real life

‘When it comes to familial relationships, their beauty is also their curse’ (paragraph 3)

‘quiet-reapply-for-the-job’ (alinea 3)

Dear Editor,

1 Queen Cleopatra, a new docudrama to be released by Netflix on May 10, is creating a maelstrom of controversy as Arabs and people of Greek heritage accuse Jada Pinkett Smith and Netflix of stealing their cultural thunder by portraying Cleopatra as a biracial (black) woman. After all, everyone knows that Cleopatra was the last of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt. Equally well-known is the fact that the current Arab ruling class in Egypt is not black either, so how dare Pinkett Smith and Netflix so shamelessly appropriate Greek and Arab culture.

2 As a person of African ancestry who is aware of the cultural appropriation practised by other races against black people, I do have some sympathy for the Greeks and the Arabs. If Cleopatra was a full-blooded Greek or a mixture of Greek and non-black Arab, then black people should release our racial claim on her and let the Greeks and the Arabs be proud of their famous ancestor.

3 Pinkett Smith and Netflix may, however, have inadvertently provided black intellectuals with a teaching moment that allows for the exploration of a topic that is of far greater importance to people of African ancestry. Much of the Greek and Arab animus against the casting of a black woman in the role of Cleopatra stems from a much broader controversy about the role occupied by black people in Egyptian history. Caucasian and Arab scholarship seem to be in agreement that the glorious civilisation developed on the African continent in Egypt was not an indigenous black African civilisation. Omniscient Caucasian intellectuals have even gone so far as to state with great certainty that black people had no civilisation until it was bequeathed to them by Asians, Arabs, Caucasians, and – wait for it – extraterrestrials.

4 Without doubt, one of the most distinguished black scholars to push back against the Eurocentric contention that black Africans were civilisationally challenged was the great Senegalese intellectual Dr Cheikh Anta Diop. In 1974, Diop and Dr Theophile Obenga of Congo engaged a number of European and Egyptian scholars at a symposium organised by UNESCO.

5 The first chapter of Volume II of the UNESCO-sponsored 'General History of Africa' makes for some very interesting reading and should be perused by anyone interested in the subject of ancient Egyptian history and the role played by black Africans in the origin of that civilisation. Diop marshalls a number of arguments in support of the black origin of ancient Egyptian civilisation.

6 Diop contends, as did the great -African American- scholar John Henrik Clarke, that Europeans and others could quibble all they cared to about the academic credentials of Herodotus, Aristotle, Diodorus, and Tatius, but they should at least concede that these contemporaries of the ancient Egyptians had good eyesight. Diop called to the witness stand 11 contemporaries of the ancient Egyptians who all concluded that the Egyptians, the Ethiopians, and the Colchians were all highly melanated1) people.

7 Diop attempted to show just how African ancient Egypt was in geography, language, religion, physiology, iconography, culture, self-description, and phenotype. He argued that a melanin study of the mummies in the museum of Cairo would go a long way in helping to determine their racial affinity. Regrettably, the Arab authorities in Egypt declined to give Diop the permission he sought to carry out such tests.

8 Another very interesting argument forwarded by Diop was rooted in the Old Testament scriptures. In Genesis 10, Misraim is listed as one of the sons of Ham. Ham, as every good Bible student knows, is supposed to be the father of the black race. Misraim is the name given to Egypt in the Hebrew scriptures. The five books of Moses or the Pentateuch are embraced by Jews, European Christians, and Muslims. The Pentateuch places Egypt squarely in the Hamitic or black camp.

9 Since European Christians, including the Greeks, Jews, and Muslims, happily reject any Hamitic association, they should get the point that Pinkett Smith and Netflix are alluding to, which is that only a Hamitic or black person can legitimately make the claim of being an original Egyptian.

10 If Cleopatra were 100 per cent Greek, then she was not an original Egyptian. This point must be conceded by black people. If she was a mixture of Greek and Arab, then, once again, she could not have been an original Egyptian. If, however, Cleopatra also carried the original dominant Hamitic gene, that opens the door for a mixed-race Cleopatra with the original black Egyptian phenotype.

Lenrod Nzulu Baraka Founder of Afro-Caribbean Spiritual Teaching Center

jamaicaobserver.com, 2023

noot 1 melanated = met een donkere huidskleur

‘so how dare Pinkett Smith and Netflix so shamelessly appropriate Greek and Arab culture’ (paragraph 1)

Tekstfragment

Whether or not they are aware of it, people with a White savior complex have an underlying belief that they know best or that they have skills that BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour) people do not have, Savala Nolan, JD, executive director of the Thelton E. Henderson Center for Social Justice at UC Berkeley School of Law, told Health.

People with a White savior complex think they are somehow in the position that should enable them to have more power in solving the problem than the people who are impacted," said Nolan.

The White savior complex can play out in pop culture and real life. For example, in movies, you may see a White person coming to town to help “save” a BIPOC community-hether athletes, students, or wrongly accused prisoners.

In real life, the White savior complex often occurs when White people see the day-to-day inequities that BIPOC communities face during or after a humanitarian crisis.

health.com, 2023

Het volgende fragment is het begin van een kort verhaal van Josef Essberger.

She was walking lazily, for the fierce April sun was directly overhead. Her umbrella blocked its rays but nothing blocked the heat - the sort of raw, wild heat that crushes you with its energy. A few buffalo were tethered under coconuts, browsing the parched verges. Occasionally a car went past, leaving its treads in the melting pitch like the wake of a ship at sea. Otherwise it was quiet, and she saw no-one. In her long white Sunday dress you might have taken Ginnie Narine for fourteen or fifteen. In fact she was twelve, a happy, uncomplicated child with a nature as open as the red hibiscus that decorated her black, waistlength hair. Generations earlier her family had come to Trinidad from India as overseers on the sugar plantations. Her father had had some success through buying and clearing land around Rio Cristalino and planting it with coffee. On the dusty verge twenty yards ahead of Ginnie a car pulled up. She had noticed it cruise by once before but she did not recognize it and could not make out the driver through its dark windows, themselves as black as its gleaming paintwork. As she walked past it, the driver's glass started to open. "Hello, Ginnie," she heard behind her. She paused and turned. A slight colour rose beneath her dusky skin. Ravi Kirjani was tall and lean, and always well-dressed. His black eyes and large white teeth flashed in the sunlight as he spoke. Everyone in Rio Cristalino knew Ravi. Ginnie often heard her unmarried sisters talk ruefully of him, of how, if only their father were alive and they still had land, one of them might marry him. And then they would squabble over who it might be and laugh at Ginnie because she was too simple for any man to want. "How do you know my name, Ravi?" she asked with a thrill. "How do you know mine?" "Everyone knows your name. You're Mr Kirjani's son." "Right. And where're you going Ginnie?" She hesitated and looked down at the ground again. "To chapel," she said with a faint smile.

englishclub.com

Het volgende fragment is een gedicht van Ha Jin.

A Center

YOU MUST HOLD your quiet center, where you do what only you can do. If others call you a maniac or a fool, just let them wag their tongues. If some praise your perseverance, don't feel too happy about it – only solitude is your lasting friend.

You must hold your distant center. Don't move even if earth and heaven quake. If others think you are insignificant, that's because you haven't held on long enough. As long as you stay put year after year, someday you will find a world beginning to revolve around you.

narrativemagazine.com, 2018

Lees eerst de opgaven voordat je naar de tekst gaat.

TLDR. Or did you?

Unlike most internet acronyms, TLDR has found its way into news articles, professional emails, and even Merriam-Webster's Dictionary. But what does TLDR mean, how do you use it, and where did it come from?

What is TLDR? TLDR (or TL;DR) is a common internet acronym for "Too Long; Didn't Read." At face value, the phrase seems pretty easy to understand. But words and phrases can change depending on their context, and TLDR is no exception.

In its simplest form, TLDR is used to express that a piece of digital text (an article, email, etc.) is too long to be worth reading. A lone "TLDR?" without any explanation could be an intentionally rude or funny comment. In most cases, though, it's just a witty acknowledgment that a small chunk of text is easier to digest than a large wall of text.

That said, you'll rarely see a lone "TLDR" in the comments for a web article (or anywhere, really). People tend to accompany their TLDR with a summary of what's being discussed. At the bottom of a lengthy article on American football, for example, you might find a comment that says "TLDR: the Patriots will win the next Super Bowl."

Along this same line, writers sometimes include a TLDR at the top or bottom of their web article, email, or text message. This is meant to be a summary of what the author is saying, and it's a disclaimer that the details of a long text may not be worth every reader's time. A ten-paragraph product review for a crappy laptop, for example, could simply start with "TLDR: this laptop sucks." That's the quick summary, and you can read further for details.

The origins of TLDR Like most internet slang, we don't really know where the word TLDR came from. Our best guess is that the phrase originated from discussion boards like the Something Awful Forums and 4Chan during the early 2000s.

Merriam-Webster's Dictionary (which accepted "TL;DR" as a word in 2018) claims that the word was first used in 2002, but provides no evidence to support its claim.

As of right now, the earliest recorded use of TLDR (then spelled "TL;DR") dates back to January of 2003, when it was added to Urban Dictionary. There are also some forum posts that contain the word "TL;DR" from later that same year.

Since 2004, Google searches for the term "TLDR" or "TL;DR" have slowly climbed. Sadly, Google Analytics started in January 2004, so we can't look any further back than that. You can see that use of the word "TLDR" has far exceeded "TL;DR" since 2004, which is why we've dropped the semi-colon for most of this article.

How to use TLDR Generally speaking, you should only use TLDR when summarizing a piece of text, whether you're the author or commenter. Using the phrase TLDR without offering a useful summary for the content can come off as intentionally rude (but of course, that may be your intention).

When using TLDR as a commenter, your job is very simple. Provide a useful summary that other readers can understand or leave a snarky "TLDR" and come off as rude or childish.

When using TLDR as an author, your job is a little more complicated. Placing a TLDR-summary at the beginning of an article or email can save the reader's time or serve as a quick introduction, but it can also give the reader a reason to skip the details of your text.

A TLDR-summary at the end of a long text is sometimes more desirable, as it allows you to sum up all of the details that the reader is digesting. But in some situations, it's as if the author is acknowledging that their own wall of text can adequately be understood in a single sentence.

As for professional or scholarly use, it just depends on the context. As a rule of thumb, don't throw around TLDR anywhere you wouldn't say LOL. But if you really want to use TLDR in a professional environment (it's big among programmers, marketers, and writers), consider saying "TL;DR" instead. It looks fancier than the basic TLDR, and it's accepted as a word by Webster's Dictionary.

So, TLDR: TLDR is a useful way to summarize details and speed up communication. Use it when it feels right, and try to avoid sounding rude.

howtogeek.com, 2022

‘TLDR (or TL;DR) is a common internet acronym for "Too Long; Didn't Read."’ (What is TLDR?)