Eindexamen Engels vmbo-gl/tl 2025, tijdvak 2: vragen en antwoorden

Power Supply

A total of 1,000 kilowatt hours of electricity can be obtained in a year from the slurry of a single cow and according to the German Ministry of Agriculture’s “Number of the Week”, this is enough for 1,000 showers. If the manure of a small herd of cattle

• about 25 cattle
• is used, then the energy produced can supply up to seven average households with electricity for a year.

According to the German Ministry of Agriculture a 1,000 kilowatt hours of electricity from the manure of a cow reduces greenhouse gas production by about 600 kilograms. This corresponds to the amount emitted by the average coal powered power station in two seconds.

thecattlesite.com, 2014

New York bagels now delivering across NL

1 A new bagel shop opened its doors in Rotterdam this month hoping to fill a gap for fans of the round, doughy treats.

2 […]

3 […]

4 […]

nltimes.nl, 2020

98-year-old woman defends her 1936 spelling bee title

1 Adell Williams-Keays was 11 years old when she was asked to participate in a spelling bee competition at her school in Barney’s River Station, N.S., back in 1936. It was then that she received her first trophy, a giant honeycomb made of wicker with a painted wooden bee sticking out of it. “I wasn’t nervous or anything, it was just one of those things I did,” said Williams-Keays nonchalantly.

2 Since then, it has become one of the many stories Williams-Keays has repeatedly told her family. “I’ve been hearing about her 1936 spelling bee since forever, and a little bit of a brag to it,” said her niece, Joan Williams- Mann. This summer, the family once again heard about William-Keays triumphant win 87 years ago, which led to Williams-Mann challenging her aunt to defend her title as a spelling bee champion at the same school she attended when she was a young girl.

3 “In order to compete, you had to either go to this school or be a descendant of someone that went to this school,” explained Williams- Mann. Each person had two tries to spell the word correctly

• and Williams-Keays only needed one, she had no misspellings. “It was not much different I guess. I learned a little bit from the first time. A little more confidence,” she said.

4 The event was not just organized for the spelling bee; it also acted as a fundraiser for the old school, which is now a museum.

atlantic.ctvnews.ca, 2023

TikTok wants its users to log off and read

1 BookTok

• the TikTok community of creators who post book recommendations, reviews and discussions
• blossomed over the past two years. The popular videos inspired a fresh wave of interest in literature, with retailers like Barnes and Noble making the most of this hype by 4-1 in their bookstores.

2 Now, TikTok announced that it is 4-2 . Customers will be able to scan a QR code at Barnes and Noble displays that takes them to a “dedicated hub” that features videos from popular BookTok creators. The creators featured in the collaboration with Barnes and Noble include aymansbooks, bookpapi, kendra.reads, kevintnorman, maistorybook and thebooksiveloved.

3 TikTok is also 4-3 . Readers can then share their leisure time reading experiences on the app with the #BookTokChallenge tag. The creators featured in the collaboration recommended a few summer reads

• like Gabriel García Márquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and “When Women Were Dragons” by Kelly Barnhill
• and encouraged followers to respond with their own recommendations.

4 “I may be biased because I’m a summer baby all the way, but summertime is the best time to visit new places, experience new things, learn about new cultures and do the things you haven’t done before,” TikTok creator bookpapi said in a recent video about the challenge. “But of course the easiest way to travel to new places is by reading a book.”

nbcnews.com, 2022

Royal Ballet performance in a wheelchair

1 The Royal Ballet is staging a performance in which one of its dancers performs a duet with a disabled dancer, recognising that being inclusive is “not just about diversity of race, but also about diversity of physical ability”.

2 Joe Powell-Main, who uses a wheelchair and crutches to perform and describes himself as a “differently abled dancer”, will appear with the Royal Ballet dancer Isabel Lubach in a lyrical piece created for the Greenwich + Docklands international festival next month. His story is about overcoming life’s obstacles to pursue a dream that he had had since he was five. Powell-Main is determined to “challenge perceptions, start conversations and open up opportunities for me and other differently abled dancers”.

3 Having danced from the age of four, he had won a place at the prestigious Royal Ballet School (RBS), even performing as a student in a Royal Ballet staging of The Nutcracker, among other productions

• only to see his hopes of becoming a professional dancer hit by a condition that affected his mobility. During his fourth year of training, he had developed injuries after a period of growth, leading to surgery on his left knee. Complications developed and a serious car accident took a further toll on his body, bringing his RBS training to an end.

4 Aged 15, he was using a wheelchair and assumed he would never dance again. 7 after his mother spotted a leaflet about wheelchair dancing, which played a part in helping him to accept his disability. He went on to dance with Ballet Cymru, among others, and won top prizes in Latin and ballroom dancing competitions.

5 Powell-Main, 24, from Newtown, Powys, said: “When I acquired my disability, I completely thought dance wasn’t an option for me … I thought that was completely over. Then I thought: why not wheelchair ballet? In terms of partnering, it’s a new way of doing things … We bend the rules quite a lot but, because we bend the rules, I feel we’re at the cutting-edge of progressing ballet further to a brighter, inclusive future.”

6 The Royal Ballet first worked with him at the Wembley Arena for the Paralympic homecoming ceremony marking the success of the Paralympic GB Athletes during Tokyo 2020. He performed a piece that he created alongside the Royal Ballet dancer Kristen McNally to the song Nobody

Knows Me Like You Do by the singer and songwriter Birdy. He also took part in the company’s platform, Draft Works, creating a new work with McNally and the Royal Ballet principal, Alexander Campbell. That work, titled Sleepwalker, has now been extended and he will perform it as a 10-minute duet with Lubach at the Greenwich + Docklands international festival. Lubach said that dancing with Powell-Main is “really special”. “It has opened up refreshing possibilities, sharing weight between each other, using speed and dynamic in different ways and you get the really rich movement from his chair, the gliding motions … It’s like an extension of his body.”

theguardian.com, 2022

Should we ban phones in schools?

by Daisy Turnbull

1 Every Sunday morning, my phone will get a screentime notification of how much (usually too much) time I’ve spent on my phone in the past week. I use my phone a lot. I am writing this on my phone. I also know when not to use my phone, when to have it on silent, and when it is using me more than I am using it. I have learned how to do this because sometimes that screen time notification is a bit too high.

2 Screentime gets a really bad rap, and most of the time it is deserved. However, not all screen time is equal. Grouping all screentime as equal is like saying all “paper time” is equal

• reading the newspaper, going through your bills, making paper aeroplanes, writing letters. Our phones house most of our lives now
• camera, wallet, important documents, banking, social lives, and of course, a phone. Our phones are also the scene of a lot of darkness, especially for young people. Social media can at once provide community and connection, as well as cyber-bullying and dangerous behaviour. It has been linked to deteriorating mental health in teens. And yet, I’m no fan of statewide phone bans at high schools.

3 Phones are definitely a problem, but more than anything they are symptomatic of the problem. Parents want their kids to be on their phones less, but they also want to be able to contact their kids whenever they need. In my time in the classroom, the phone accidentally pinging in a blazer pocket is more often than anything else a parent changing plans for that afternoon or reminding their child of something.

4 Besides interfering with parental routines, a statewide phone ban also takes away principal autonomy. “I’ll tell you how to run your school, thank you very much.” And yet, at the same time, the message is: “I’ve made this new rule. You figure out how to police it.” I’ve been at a school at the start of a phone ban, and while it was successful, the first few months involved a lot of running around by teachers and writing student names on Post-its and sticking them to phones, hoping they didn’t fall off while carrying them down to reception to be collected after the school bell. Can we all agree that 15 amid a staff shortage might not be the best strategy?

5 Seven out of 10 high schools already practise phone bans during the day. But there are situations where students do need their phones, and it is up to principals and teachers to manage that. Schools deal with the intricacies of individual situations on a daily basis, and rules that cover everyone do not allow for the compassion needed when working with students and their families. For some students in BYOD (bring your own device) schools, their phones are their device. They may not have access to a laptop or tablet as well as their smartphone. Some students are responsible for their younger siblings. Some have a job to help support their families. Some are awaiting calls about a health condition, or that of a relative.

6 Politicians would do better to focus on what they can do with social media companies and continue to work with the eSafety Commissioner to make the online world a safer place, rather than limiting access entirely. Schools will continue to educate students about digital citizenship and their online responsibilities. And for parents, role-modelling and talking to children about the online world is the best way to help them navigate an ever- changing landscape and create clear boundaries around phone use. Finally, put your own phone away for a bit, for your own mental health.

smh.com.au, 2022

Sunken castle

1 Since May, you can virtually visit a sunken castle where it once stood in the Dutch village of Elsloo. A new archaeological “spearhead” has been opened there: a literal iron spear in the landscape that serves as a gateway to the past. Visitors can use their mobile phones to dive into the history of the drowned castle, showing the possibilities of combining augmented reality and archaeology for local heritage.

2 Elsloo Castle was once an imposing building with which the lord of Elsloo could enforce his power. He exercised control over the area and charged a toll on passing ships on the nearby river. But in the end, the river defeated the castle. The Maas moved slowly towards the castle, and the building eventually disappeared underwater. The remains are still there today, but invisible beneath the surface.

3 In 2004, underwater archaeologists examined the ruins, discovering that they were scattered all over the place, because of the construction of the nearby Juliana Canal. But the stacked stones with the mortar still in between show how impressive the castle of Elsloo once must have been. At least, for those who are willing to have a look underwater. 20 , you can now also experience the castle’s history without getting wet. The new archaeological spearhead offers every passer-by the chance to discover the drowned castle via augmented reality on their phone screens.

4 “This is one of the countless historical stories that show our age-old bond with the Maas”, says director Bert Mennings of the Limburgs Museum. The local museum, together with Rijkswaterstaat, the Cultural Heritage Agency, the Province of Limburg, and several municipalities, is the initiator of the subproject of the Archeo Route Limburg. “The Maas clearly shows two faces here. On the one hand, as the lifeline of Limburg

• with shipping and fertile soil on the banks. On the other hand, as a threat: eventually, the castle disappeared in the rising water.”

5 The ten new archaeological spearheads in the region, all part of the archaeological route, tell the story of the central role of the Maas in the region’s history. Instead of telling the history from a national perspective, the route is more focused on local elements and their influence on the heritage of the region. For example, the oldest traces of people have been found near the Maas, the first farmers in the Netherlands settled on the Maas and in the centuries that followed, powerful towns, villages and castles arose there. By combining 22 with archaeological remains, these forgotten bits of history resurface again and create new bits of narrative for local heritage to build upon.

heritagetribune.eu, 2022

Old Clothes: Vintage or Classic?

By Ashley Kane

1 The term “vintage” is used to describe clothing between 20 and 100 years old that is also clearly representative of the era in which it was produced. It could be said that to be called vintage the piece should strongly reflect styles and trends associated with that period. Vintage clothing can be haute couture or mainstream fashion; it can be used, new (from deadstock), manufactured, or handmade.

2 It is important to understand that the definition of vintage is fluid, 23 every decade brings forth new items that fit into this category. It is also important to understand that all vintage will eventually become antique

• clothing 100 years old or more is classified as antique.

3 If a piece remains stylish through time, in other words, it does not reflect the era in which it was made but rather transcends all eras, with minor style adjustments, we call it classic instead of vintage. Examples of classic styles are the little black dress, trench coats, button-up white shirts, pumps (style, not height or type of heel) and blazers. So a little black dress from the 1980s, for instance, would be classic, not vintage, while a blazer with significant shoulder pads from that era would be vintage.

4 If you want to wear vintage, look in shops that have vintage in the name or description. You might find vintage pieces in second-hand shops, but what you will mainly find is just old clothing. In vintage shops, you will find a curated collection of pieces and a knowledgeable owner to help you. If you like pieces from several eras, focus on accessories that you can pair with your contemporary clothes for a touch of vintage rather than mixing up several bygone styles.

5 A word about size: Women’s dress sizes have changed significantly over time. A rule of thumb is that a piece of clothing from the 1950s or ’60s is marked 4 to 6 sizes larger than modern sizing. So for example, a dress from that era that is a size 12 would be approximately a size 6 today. So don’t freak out about the size on the label. As you get closer to the current time, for instance, a piece of clothing made in the late ’80s or ’90s, you can expect that sizes will be more in line with what you wear now. Always try a piece on to be sure it fits before you buy.

liveabout.com, 2019

Our Sunday Roast

By Adam Chapman

1 It’s a staple of the British menu but the Sunday roast has been found to contain some 27 . Researchers have found the British classic contains 230,000 microplastic particles. Researchers said eating a similar meal every day would result in swallowing the equivalent of two plastic bags a year. The study was carried out by Portsmouth University scientists and ITV’s Good Morning Britain (GMB).

2 The term microplastics refers to plastic particles that measure less than five millimetres. To see how many microplastics infiltrated food, GMB reporter Michelle Morrison and her children made two roast dinners with chicken, potatoes, carrots, broccoli and Yorkshire puddings. One meal was made with ingredients bought wrapped in plastic but the second had been mostly purchased without any plastic packaging. The roast made from ingredients wrapped in plastic contained seven times more microplastics than the other one. The non-plastic packaged items also cost 37 percent less.

3 Doctor Faye Coucerio, an environmental pollution expert at the University, said: “It would appear that the majority of microplastics in our food come from the plastic packaging it is wrapped in. However, there are other ways that plastic can enter the food chain. It could be getting into the vegetables through the soil or into our meat through grazing. Air has lots of microplastics in it too so they could be falling on top of the food. And finally it could be from the cooking utensils used when preparing a meal. Instead of a sterile laboratory, the food was cooked in a normal kitchen so it is likely the microplastics will come from a combination of within the food, the packaging, cooking utensils and the air.”

4 Miss Morrison said: “Previously there has been very little research into the amount of microplastics contained within an entire meal. Our new investigation has clearly found that we eat far less microplastics when we reduce the amount of packaging we buy. What we now need to know is

• are these microplastics harmless? Or, like many believe, are they actually tiny plastic timebombs?”

express.co.uk, 2022

Het volgende fragment is het begin van het boek The Unhoneymooners, geschreven door Christina Lauren, voor het eerst gepubliceerd in 2019.

chapter one

In the calm before the storm

• in this case, the blessed quiet before the bridal suite is overrun by the wedding party
• my twin sister stares critically down at a freshly painted shell-pink fingernail and

5 says, “I bet you’re relieved I’m not a bridezilla.” She glances across the room at me and smiles generously. “I bet you expected me to be impossible.” It is a statement so perfectly dropped in the

10 moment, I want to take a picture and frame it. I share a knowing look with our cousin Julieta, who is repainting Ami’s toes (“It should be more petal pink than baby pink, don’t you think?”), and gesture to the bodice of Ami’s wedding gown

• which hangs from a satin

15 hanger and on which I am presently and painstakingly ensuring that every sequin is lying flat. “Define ‘bridezilla.’” “I’m not a bridezilla,” she argues. “I’m a perfectionist.” I find my list and hold it aloft, waving it to catch her attention. It’s a piece of heavy, scalloped-edged pink stationary that has Olive’s To-Do

20 List

• Wedding Day Edition written in meticulous calligraphy at the top, and which includes seventy-four (seventy-four) items ranging from Check for symmetry of the sequins on the bridal gown to Remove any wilted petals from the table arrangements. Each bridesmaid has her own list, perhaps not quite as long as my

25 maid-of-honor one but equally fancy and handwritten. Ami even drew checkboxes so that we can record when each task is completed.

Newsreader with a face tattoo

1 A Kiwi newsreader has made history by becoming the first person to anchor a TV news bulletin with a traditional face tattoo. Oriini Kaipara, 37, who has a moko kauae, a traditional lower chin tattoo worn by Māori women, read Newshub Live’s 6pm news bulletin in New Zealand on Monday. The mother- of-four from Auckland discovered she was 100 per cent Māori after taking a DNA test in 2017. The newsreader then decided to adopt the Māori tattoo in

2019 in a process known as Tā moko, which represents family heritage and social status.

2 For Māori women the moko was a rite of passage, marking the passage between girl and adulthood and symbolises transformation. Kaipara said presenting the primetime bulletin fulfilled a lifelong dream and said she hoped she was the first in a long line of Māori women reading the news with traditional tattoos. ‘It’s really exciting. I’m really enjoying it. I am proud of how far I’ve come in being able to anchor 6pm right now.’

3 She regularly does sets of news stories for the main bulletin, becoming a fan favourite because of her Māori markings. ‘It’s definitely a step forward, and a step-up. If there was a goal for me, it would be anchoring prime time news, and that’s happened,’ she said. ‘We’ve got a good team at Newshub, I don’t feel the pressure as much as I used to when I first started out in journalism. But that comes with doing the hard yards, and then actually realising it and doing it is really exciting. I’m very much aware that I’m the first with moko kauae to anchor a six o’clock primetime news bulletin,’ she said. ‘That is always at the back of my mind, that every step I make is like breaking through a glass ceiling. It’s breaking new ground for us as Māori, but also for people of colour. Whether you’ve got a moko kauae or not.’

4 New Zealand’s foreign minister Nanaia Mahuta also has a moko kauae, becoming the first female MP to wear one in parliament. The politician has links to Māori royalty, with her father the adopted son of King Korokī. She got the tattoo in 2016 and said it offers ‘positive ways to enable cultural expression and pride in being Māori.’

dailymail.co.uk, 2021

Phantom official

1 Spanish civil servant Joaquin Garcia, 69, whose job was to supervise the building of a waste water treatment plant, failed to turn up for work for “at least” six years. He was paid €37,000 a year before tax by a water company run by local authorities in the south-western city of Cadiz. He has been caught after becoming eligible for a long service award.

2 Spanish newspapers have dubbed him “el funcionario fantasma”

• the phantom official. The court heard that the boss of the water company had not seen Mr Garcia for years despite occupying an office opposite his. The local authorities thought he was supervised by the water company and vice versa. The deputy mayor noticed his absence when Mr Garcia became eligible to receive a plaque for 20 years’ service.

3 A court found in the authority’s favour and ordered him to pay a fine of €27,000, which is equivalent to one year’s salary after tax and was the most that the company could legally reclaim. Mr Garcia has written to the mayor asking not to have to pay the fine. He claims he was bullied and will ask for a review of the judgement.

Sol Times, 2016

‘Evening walk’ gone awry in Austrian Alps

1 Authorities in Austria say more than 100 students and teachers on a school trip from Germany had to be airlifted to safety after they followed an online map that directed them onto an unmarked and difficult trail. Police in the western state of Vorarlberg said more than 60 rescuers

• including the local mayor
• took part in the rescue late Tuesday.

2 The group from Ludwigshafen, Germany, became stuck on a ridge leading up to Walmendingerhorn summit after a teacher had found what was described as a “classic evening walk” using an internet search tool.

40 , the route was partly suspended and involved sections that required climbing, firm shoes and Alpine experience, police said. Due to slippery conditions and the fact that “not all students were wearing optimal footwear” one teacher decided to turn back. After two students slipped and suffered minor injuries, the teacher dialled emergency services, prompting the rescue operation.

Police said the 99 students

• ages 12 to 14
• and eight teachers were plucked from the ridge by helicopter using ropes. “Several students were exhausted, chilled, wet and completely distraught,” the statement said, adding that a crisis intervention team was brought in to help.

ctvnews.ca, 2022

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